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Halbwinkelsatz
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
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Die HalbwinkelsΓ€tze sind Formeln der Trigonometrie, die fΓΌr spezielle, logarithmisch brauchbare AnwendungsfΓ€lle zur Ermittlung der BestimmungsgrΓΆΓen (Seiten a, b, c; Winkel Ξ± Ξ± {\displaystyle \alpha } , Ξ² Ξ² {\displaystyle \beta } , Ξ³ Ξ³ {\displaystyle \gamma } ) von allgemeinen Dreiecken entwickelt wurden. Entsprechende SΓ€tze gelten fΓΌr allgemeine Dreiecke auf einer KugeloberflΓ€che (sphΓ€rische Geometrie).
Contents
β’ Quellen
ββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββββ
HalbwinkelsΓ€tze in der Ebene
β’ sin β‘ β‘ Ξ± Ξ± 2 = ( s β β b ) ( s β β c ) b c {\displaystyle \sin {\frac {\alpha }{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {(s-b)(s-c)}{bc}}}}
β’ cos β‘ β‘ Ξ± Ξ± 2 = s ( s β β a ) b c {\displaystyle \cos {\frac {\alpha }{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {s(s-a)}{bc}}}}
β’ tan β‘ β‘ Ξ± Ξ± 2 = ( s β β b ) ( s β β c ) s ( s β β a ) {\displaystyle \tan {\frac {\alpha }{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {(s-b)(s-c)}{s(s-a)}}}}
wobei s = a + b + c 2 {\displaystyle s={\frac {a+b+c}{2}}}
Die zur dritten Formel Γ€quivalente Aussage
β’ cot β‘ β‘ Ξ± Ξ± 2 = s β β a Ο Ο = s ( s β β a ) ( s β β b ) ( s β β c ) {\displaystyle \cot {\frac {\alpha }{2}}={\frac {s-a}{\rho }}={\sqrt {\frac {s(s-a)}{(s-b)(s-c)}}}}
ist auch als Kotangenssatz bekannt. Ο Ο {\displaystyle \rho } bezeichnet hier den Inkreisradius.
Entsprechende Formeln gelten fΓΌr die anderen Winkel.
HalbwinkelsΓ€tze auf der KugeloberflΓ€che
β’ sin β‘ β‘ Ξ± Ξ± 2 = sin β‘ β‘ ( s β β b ) sin β‘ β‘ ( s β β c ) sin β‘ β‘ b sin β‘ β‘ c {\displaystyle \sin {\frac {\alpha }{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {\sin(s-b)\,\sin(s-c)}{\sin b\,\sin c}}}}
β’ cos β‘ β‘ Ξ± Ξ± 2 = sin β‘ β‘ s sin β‘ β‘ ( s β β a ) sin β‘ β‘ b sin β‘ β‘ c {\displaystyle \cos {\frac {\alpha }{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {\sin s\,\sin(s-a)}{\sin b\,\sin c}}}}
β’ tan β‘ β‘ Ξ± Ξ± 2 = sin β‘ β‘ ( s β β b ) sin β‘ β‘ ( s β β c ) sin β‘ β‘ s sin β‘ β‘ ( s β β a ) {\displaystyle \tan {\frac {\alpha }{2}}={\sqrt {\frac {\sin(s-b)\,\sin(s-c)}{\sin s\,\sin(s-a)}}}}
wobei s = a + b + c 2 {\displaystyle s={\frac {a+b+c}{2}}}
Quellen
β’ Fachredaktion des Bibliographischen Instituts (Hrsg.): Duden Rechnen und Mathematik: Das Lexikon fΓΌr Schule und Praxis. Bearbeitet von Prof. Dr. Harald Scheid. 4. Auflage. Bibliographisches Institut, Mannheim, Wien, ZΓΌrich 1985, S. 622.
β’ F. Specht: Herleitung der trigonometrischen Formel fΓΌr die Tangente des halben Winkels aus den Seiten des Dreiecks. In: Archiv der Mathematik und Physik. 2. Reihe. Mit besonderer RΓΌcksicht auf die BedΓΌrfnisse der Lehrer an hΓΆheren Unterrichtsanstalten. Band XIII, 1894, S. 223β224 (Eintrag zbMATH Open).